Pelvic organ prolapse (vaginal prolapse) is when the pelvic organs drop down out of their usual position. It is a very common condition and can include the womb/uterus (uterine prolapse), bladder (cystocele), bowel (rectocele/enterocele) or top of the vagina (vault).

Pelvic organ prolapse can feel like a bulge, lump or discomfort in the vagina but it may also cause pelvic discomfort, a dragging sensation and/or lower back discomfort. It is sometimes also associated with bladder, bowel, and sexual problems, such as urinary frequency (needing the toilet too frequently), incontinence (involuntary loss of urine), difficulty emptying your bowel, and uncomfortable sexual intercourse. Severe forms of pelvic organ prolapse can cause bleeding when the vaginal skin is outside of the vagina.

Most pelvic floor problems result from pregnancy and childbirth, particularly vaginal delivery. However, pelvic organ prolapse can also be caused by weak tissues (connective tissue), a family history or regular straining due to coughing or constipation. Certain lifestyles and the ageing process can also contribute to pelvic organ prolapse.

Pelvic organ prolapse is a 'quality of life condition' meaning that treatment is only needed when it has an affect on your day to day life. An uncomfortable feeling in the vagina, seeing or feeling a bulge/lump, or a dragging sensation may lead to you seeing one of our specialists.

Pelvic organ prolapse is diagnosed by one of our consultants examining you to assess your pelvic floor. Depending on your symptoms, they may discuss arranging further tests with you, such as an ultrasound or x-ray.

Once diagnosed, pelvic organ prolapse is initially treated with pelvic floor exercises, supervised by one of our physiotherapists. For those that are not cured by this, and those with more severe prolapse, our consultants offer both vaginal pessaries (a device inserted to support the vagina) and surgery. Our surgical expertise offers you the full range of options including vaginal or laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery. We have particular expertise and an international reputation in offering womb-sparing laparoscopic/keyhole options, avoiding hysterectomy. Our team of gynaecologists can offer expert advice to help you decide on the right treatment for you.